Market Timing
 Wouldn't we all like to time the market perfectly? Wouldn't it be great if we could buy each investment at it's all time low price and be wise enough to sell each investment as it reached it's pinnacle? This investment practice is called "market timing" and it is not advised or supported by professional money managers or historical analysis. If "market timing" were as easy as it sounds everyone would be investing this way!
Asset Allocation
The single most important investment decision regarding your retirement dollars is  ASSET ALLOCATION--how you allocate your contributions and your company's contributions between the EQUITY and DEBT selections.
In general, your "mix" of equity and debt investments is MUCH MORE IMPORTANT than which specific equity or debt investment you choose or when you choose to invest.
With Retirement Investing, Time is on Your Side!! FOCUS ON LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE!
Types of Financial Investments
There are two primary types of financial investments - "equity" or "common stock" and "fixed income" or "debt". The key characteristics of both types of investments are listed in the chart below:
| Investment Comparison |
| Common Stock
| Fixed Income
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- Stockholders are Owners
- Shareholders are entitled to a share of the earnings
- Shareholders are the last in line to be paid
- Stock shares are forever
- Market values change daily
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- Bondholders are lenders
- Bondholders receive regular interest payments
- Bondholders are near the front of the line to be paid
- Bonds mature
- Market value is a function of current interest rates
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No investments--stocks or bonds--are "risk free" investments. Risk is not an "either-or" proposition that allows investments to be divided easily into "safe" or "risky" categories. Investment risk is a spectrum: if you want higher potential returns you have got to accept a higher level of risk. The amount of risk you are willing to take is a personal decision that should incorporate the time you have to invest and your personal risk tolerance.
Types of Risk
There is no such thing as a “risk-free” investment. There are at least three risks you must consider when evaluating an investment:
- Credit Risk: What if you choose an investment that goes bust?
- Market Risk: What will my investment be worth if the market drops?
- Inflation Risk: What will stuff cost when you need to spend your savings?
Historical Performance
This chart sets forth the historical performance of stocks and bonds over the past one, three, five and ten year periods (as of 2/28/01). Stock returns are shown for two "standards" the S&P 500 Index which is an index representing the 500 largest U.S. companies and the Wilshire 4500 Index which is 5,000 largest U.S. companies excluding the S&P 500 Index.
Bond returns are shown for the Lehman Brother Aggregate Bond Index (LBAGR) which is an index representing a composite of government and corporate covering a variety of maturities (short to long term) and credit quality.
Mutual Funds
Only a small segment of the securities market involves individuals investing directly in individual stocks and bonds of companies. Most investors depend upon a fund operated by an investment company that raises money from shareholders and invest that money in stocks, bonds, currencies or money market securities.
Mutual funds offer investors diversification and ease of investing! When you buy a share of a mutual fund, you are buying a share of that fund's total investments.
Types of Mutual Funds:
- Stock Funds
- Bond Funds
- Balanced Funds (combination of stocks and bonds)
- Money Market Funds
Stock funds are categorized by the type of companies in which they invest -- large, mid and small capitalized companies and/or the type of company - value, growth or a blend of these types.
Bond funds are categorized by the maturity date of the individual bonds - short, intermediate, and long term and/or the credit quality of the individual bonds - high, medium or low (for instance, high credit quality reflects low credit risk).
Mutual Funds offer investors:
- Diversification
- Professional Management
- Simplified Investing
- Low Purchase Costs
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